CYLINDERS

Number of cylinders
Small motorcycles normally have a single cylinder, many smaller and mid-range motorcycles have twin cylinders and most medium to large motorcycles have four cylinders. However, no generalisations can be made, as there are a few large singles and twins. Three cylinders have been widely used and there have been some six-cylinder machines. Many different layouts have been used with vertical cylinders the most popular. There are some horizontally opposed and V layouts.

DISPLACEMENT

Displacement
Displacement is defined as the total volume of air/fuel mixture an engine can draw in during one complete engine cycle. In a piston engine, this is the volume that is swept as the pistons are moved from top dead center to bottom dead center. This is the "size" of the engine. Motorcycle engines range from less than 50 cc (cubic centimetres), commonly found in many mopeds and small scooters, to a 6,000 cc engine used by Boss Hoss in its cruiser style motorcycle BHC-3 LS2. Many state laws in the U.S. define a motorcycle as having an engine larger than 50cc, and a moped as a vehicle with an engine smaller than 60cc.

MOTORCYCLE ENGINE

A motorcycle engine propels a motorcycle. The engine typically sits immediately under the fuel tank, in between and just forward of the rider's legs.

Types
Almost all commercially available motorcycles are driven by conventional gasoline internal combustion engines, increasingly four-strokes in all size ranges. The mid-range and large two-strokes seen in the 1970s and 1980s have almost disappeared, particularly as emission laws were introduced. There are a few small scooter-type models using batteries and an electric motor. Two manufacturers in the 1980s produced quite small numbers of motorcycles propelled by Wankel rotary engines, but these were neither clean, nor economical nor particularly reliable.

THE SPEED

The data acquired by the various sensors is stored in the onboard computer. At the end of the test, the onboard computer can be connected to an Ethernet network and the data can be downloaded on to another PC for offline analysis. A software application was developed for the offline data review and analysis, shown below. This application includes a review module that can be used to review the test data and view graphs that plot various parameters against time, such as pressure, acceleration, speed, and brake-pad temperature.OperationThe encoder used in this system gives an output of 1,000 ppr. The encoder shaft connects to the front wheel of the motorbike. The encoder output connects to the two counters of the DAQ card. We measure the duration between the encoder pulses to obtain the instantaneous speed of the vehicle and another counts the number of pulses, which is translated into displacement.
We need reference signals to start and stop the counters during braking. The start signal is obtained from the pressure sensor, which is mounted on the disk brake hydraulic cylinder. The pressure signal is a trigger to start counting the pulses. Zero speed is the stop signal to stop counting the pulses. A low cut-off speed is used to detect the zero speed condition. The figure below shows a schematic that depicts this basic scheme used for measuring braking distance.
With the user interface kit and integrated LCD display and keyboard, the user can enter various speeds at which to start braking, and the LabVIEW application monitors the motorbike speed and gives a signal to start braking at the desired speed range. When the bike comes to a stop, the display immediately shows the braking distance. During the braking, the brake -pad temperature and acceleration are also acquired using the high-speed data acquisition card.ConclusionThe on-road brake test system we developed can measure braking distance to an accuracy of 1% over a distance of 30 m. The system also handled wheel-lock conditions by using the accelerometer data during these periods. The small form factor of the NI PCMCIA data acquisition cards and the FieldWorks 2000 embedded computer made it easy to mount it on the motorbike. The whole system was rugged enough to handle accidental falls during testing. With user interface, the user can set up different tests during the road trials and also see the results without having to connect a laptop to the embedded computer. We plan to make the system more user friendly by interfacing a microphone to one of the DAQ channels, so the rider can record comments during the tests.

INTRODUCTION

Introduction Our customer, a tier-one supplier to large motorbike manufacturers in India, wanted an on-road data acquisition system to test motorbike front disk brakes. The brakes were to be tested by measuring stopping distance during various road trials. The most straightforward way to determine stopping distance is to bring the motorbike to the required speed before reaching a certain predetermined marked point, and then to apply the brake from that point until the motorbike stops. Using a tape measure or a more sophisticated distance-measuring instrument, we can determine the stopping distance. This is a tedious and time -consuming process and not practical during long trials over different terrain. Additionally, in this method, other parameters relating to braking, such as the brake-pad temperature and hydraulic pressure, cannot be obtained.
We designed the on-road brake test system to measure the braking distance of a motorbike under different road conditions in real time. This data is used offline to compute the performance parameters of the disc brake as per the customer’s specifications.System DescriptionThe on-road brake test system is designed to acquire real-time road test data. The test required a dedicated onboard computer to run the system and acquire the test data. A laptop computer was considered and excluded, as it was not rugged enough to withstand the rigors of field test conditions. We developed a test system based on a small form factor rugged FieldWorks computer, with National Instruments data acquisition card, signal conditioning modules, and application software written in LabVIEW 6i.The following sensors are used in the data acquisition system:
Rotation encoder - for rotational displacement and the wheel speed
Thermocouple - for pad temperature during braking
Pressure sensor - for the brake hydraulic line pressure
Accelerometer - for the instantaneous acceleration of the vehicle
For user inputs and display, a small-sized integrated keyboard and LCD display was interfaced with the FieldWorks computer through the RS-232 port because the FieldWorks 2200 model does not include an integrated display. Using this display, the motorbike rider can send commands, set parameters, and receive feedback from the system, such as the braking distance. The motorbike’s 12 V battery powers the computer, the user-interface kit, and the signal conditioning modules. The conditioned signals from the transducers connect to National Instruments PCMCIA multipurpose high-speed data acquisition card installed in the FieldWorks computer. Three analog input channels and two counter/timers from the DAQ card are used for the data acquisition.
The encoder and the accelerometer are both used to acquire the data used in calculating the braking distance. Two complementary and independent methods are used to calculate the stopping distance. The first method uses the pulses per revolution (ppr) output of the encoder to measure both the speed and the displacement. The accelerometer data is used as supplementary data. The braking distance is obtained by using the initial speed of the motorbike and integrating the acceleration value twice. Because this accelerometer data is not as accurate as the encoder data, it is used only when a wheel lock is detected.

HISTORY

History

Motorbike is a machine which helps us to travel from ane place to another.

The first motorcycle was designed by the germen inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhem Maybach. The first petroleum powered vehicle was essentialy amotorised bicycle, although the inventors called their invention the riding car.
A 2008 Hero Honda Passion, one of the best selling bikes in India.
Today, the Japanese manufacturers, Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, and Yamaha dominate the motorcycle industry, although Harley-Davidson still maintains a high degree of popularity in the United States. Apart from these high capacity motorcycles, there is a very large market for low capacity (less than 300 cc) motorcycles, mostly concentrated in Asian and African countries. This area is dominated by mostly Indian companies with Hero Honda being a large manufacturer of two wheelers, e.g. its Splendor model which has sold more than 8.5 million to date.[8] Ultimately, the highest selling motorcycle of all time is the Honda Super Cub, which has sold more than 60 million units and is still in production after 50 years.

MOTOR BIKEZ SPICEZZZZZZZZZ!

A motorcycle (also called a motorbicycle, motorbike, bike, or cycle) is a single-track,[1] two-wheeled[2] motor vehicle powered by an engine. Motorcycles vary considerably depending on the task for which they are designed, such as long distance travel, navigating congested urban traffic, cruising, sport and racing, or off-road conditions. In many parts of the world, motorcycles are among the least expensive and most widespread forms of motorised transport.
History
Arguably, the first motorcycle was designed and built by the German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Bad Cannstatt (since 1905 a city district of Stuttgart) in 1885.[3] The first petroleum-powered vehicle was essentially a motorised bicycle, although the inventors called their invention the Reitwagen ("riding car"). However, if a two-wheeled vehicle with steam propulsion is considered a motorcycle, then the first one may have been American. One such machine was demonstrated at fairs and circuses in the eastern U.S. in 1867, built by Sylvester Howard Roper of Roxbury, Massachusetts.[3]
In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first motorcycle available for purchase.[4] In the early period of motorcycle history, many producers of bicycles adapted their designs to accommodate the new internal combustion engine. As the engines became more powerful and designs outgrew the bicycle origins, the number of motorcycle producers increased.